Windows Memory Diagnostics

Application failures, operating system faults, and Stop errors are often caused by failing memory. Failing memory chips return different data than the operating system originally stored. Failing memory can be difficult to identify: Problems can be intermittent and might occur only under very rare circumstances. For example, a memory chip might function perfectly when tested in a controlled environment but begin to fail when the internal temperature of the computer becomes too high. Failing memory can also cause secondary problems, such as corrupted files. Often, administrators take drastic steps to repair the problem, such as reinstalling applications or the operating system, only to have the failures persist.

Windows includes Windows Memory Diagnostics to help administrators track down problems with unreliable memory. If Windows Error Reporting (WER) or Microsoft Online Crash Analysis (MOCA) determines that failing memory might be the cause of an error, the software can prompt the user to perform memory diagnostics without requiring an additional download or separate boot disk. Additionally, you can run Windows Memory Diagnostics by choosing a special boot menu option or by loading the Windows Recovery Environment.

If memory diagnostics identify a memory problem, Windows can avoid using the affected portion of physical memory so that the operating system can start successfully and avoid application crashes. Upon startup, Windows provides an easy-to-understand report detailing the problem and instructing the user on how to replace the memory. For detailed information, see the section titled "How to Use Windows Memory Diagnostics" later in this tutorial.