Networking / Beginners

Exclusive OR (XOR)

An XOR is binary logic operation: it requires two inputs or operands. The operands are the values of propositions (a statement in which something is confirmed as true or denied as false). An XOR operation between two operands returns a true value if only one of its conditions is true.

An XOR is used as the basis for encryption in Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP), which is discussed in a bit later in this tutorial.

The following examples show the results of performing an XOR operation on two numbers-1 and 0:

  • 1 XOR 1 = 0
  • 1 XOR 0 = 1
  • 0 XOR 1 = 1
  • 0 XOR 0 = 0

Where 0 = False and 1 = True.

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In this tutorial:

  1. Securing Wireless Networks
  2. Security Background
  3. Security Services
  4. Cryptographic Concepts and Terms
  5. Encryption and Decryption
  6. Keyspace
  7. Exclusive OR (XOR)
  8. Algorithm
  9. Asymmetric Encryption Algorithms
  10. Public-Private Key Cryptography
  11. Cipher
  12. Concealment Ciphers vs. Running Key Ciphers
  13. Stream Ciphers vs. Block Ciphers
  14. Cipher Examples
  15. Cipher Implementations
  16. Wi-Fi Protected Access
  17. TKIP/WPA
  18. Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 (WPA2)
  19. CCMP/AES
  20. Hash Functions
  21. EAP
  22. EAP Entities
  23. EAP Grammar
  24. EAP Types
  25. EAP-TTLS
  26. EAP-PSK
  27. EAP-SIM
  28. EAP-AKA
  29. IEEE 802.11i
  30. Four-Way Handshake
  31. IEEE 802.11i Considerations